Mapping current research on hydrogen supply chain design for global trade

Global demand for clean energy carriers like hydrogen (H₂) is rising under carbon-reduction policies. While domestic H₂ projects are progressing, international trade presents significant opportunities for countries with abundant renewables or advanced production capabilities. Yet, establishing H₂ as a viable global commodity requires overcoming supply chain challenges in flexibility, efficiency, and cost. This review examines hydrogen supply chain network design (HSCND) studies and highlights key research gaps in export-oriented systems. Current work often focuses on transport technologies but lacks integrated analyses combining technical, economic, and policy dimensions. Notable gaps include limited research on retrofitting infrastructure for H₂ derivatives, underexplored roles of ports as export hubs, and insufficient evaluation of regulatory frameworks and financial risks. This review proposes a methodological approach to guide HSCND for export, supporting data collection and strategic planning. Future research should integrate technical, geopolitical, and social factors into models, backed by methodological innovation and empirical evidence.